Grain refinement and homogenization of Cr phase were achieved by laser surface melting (LSM) method, and the properties of Cu-Cr alloy were significantly improved. In this study, LSM of Cu-50Cr alloy (wt.%) was conducted with a high power density (10(6) -10(7) W/cm(2)) laser beam, the microstructure and the properties of melt layer were investigated. The size of Cr phase was effectively refined from hundreds of micron scale to several micron scale, and the average size of Cr particles decreased to a few hundred nanometers. High cooling rate effectively inhibited coarsening effect on the Cr particles during liquid phase separation. Spherical Cr particles were dispersed in the melt layer with a thickness of 165 +/- 20 mu m. Microhardness was obviously enhanced and the maximum hardness was 232HV, which was 2.8 times that of the substrate. Arc duration of the LSM treated contacts increased up to 18%. The withstanding voltage of the fixed and the moving contact increased to 28.7% and 35.4%, respectively. The results show that LSM is an effective method to refine the microstructure of Cu-Cr alloy, and it is a promising modification method for electrical Cu-Cr vacuum contacts.