中国科学院力学研究所机构知识库

航母具有复杂的外形，在海上航行时会进行不规则的六自由度复杂运动。加上与不同风向的耦合，形成舰艏分离涡、舰体尾涡、舰岛尾涡和舰体边缘分离涡等复杂涡结构，这些涡结构在舰体周围会出现分离、再附和旋转脱落等复杂的湍流现象，具有无规律，变化快等特点，对舰载机起飞有着很大的影响。快速流场预估，对于提高舰载机起降效率，提升航母作战能力有着重要意义。同时在舰环耦合复杂气流场的作用下，机翼的结构振动稳定性会受到影响，一旦振动发散，发生颤振现象，就会严重威胁到舰载机起降的安全性和飞行员的生命安全。因此，研究舰环耦合流场的特性及在舰环耦合流场干扰下下，舰载机机翼的颤振特性，对于提高舰载机起降安全性，保障飞行员生命安全具有重要意义。本文针对以上问题开展了三方面的研究工作。

本文基于计算流体力学原理开展舰环耦合非定常流场计算工作，基于PINN方法建立深度学习模型开展舰环耦合尾流场开展流场快速预估的探索性工作，基于CFD/CSD耦合的颤振计算方法开展舰环耦合干扰下的机翼颤振特性研究工作。

首先根据网上公开的滑跃式起飞航母模型数据使用UG进行航母模型建立，使用starccm+对航母面网格和计算域网格进行划分，选用IDDES（延迟脱体涡模拟）湍流模型进行全尺寸的舰环耦合气流场计算。数值计算中首先研究了风向角对耦合气流场的影响，针对0°，+15°，-15°三个不同风向角分别进行了数值计算，分析了不同风向角下X方向速度的特征和涡结构的特征；之后研究了航母横摇运动和纵摇运动对耦合流场的影响。将航母横摇和纵摇运动简化为周期性正弦运动，基于starccm+的运动函数设置功能将正弦运动方程添加到边界条件上，得到计算结果后分析了横摇和纵摇运动不同时刻的X方向速度的特征和涡结构的特征。

数值计算之后，针对舰环耦合舰身尾流场的流场特性进行基于PINN方法的瞬态流场重构的探索性工作。使用tecpolt对0°风向角下舰身尾流场计算收敛后20s的数据根据时间步长进行插值数据提取，将提取出的数据进行流场反演，与starccm+数值计算结果进行对比，确认数据的准确性。之后使用提取的数据进行深度学习训练，根据训练结果对模型进行修正，最后分析影响模型准确性的因素。

最后一部分工作，基于CFD/CSD耦合的颤振计算方法研究舰环耦合尾流场干扰下的舰载机机翼颤振特性。将航母简化为方块，舰载机机翼简化为AGARD445.6机翼，首先对AGARD445.6机翼的颤振特性进行分析，数值计算结果与试验数据进行对比，验证计算方法的可靠性。以该计算的颤振边界为基础，对比在增加方块扰动后，机翼的在相同边界条件下颤振特性的变化。

The aircraft carrier has a complex shape, and its irregular six degrees of freedom complex motion will be carried out when sailing at sea. Coupled with the coupling with different wind directions. The complex vortex structures, such as bow separation vortex, hull wake vortex, island wake vortex and hull edge separation vortex, are formed by the coupling of aircraft carrier and surrounding environment. The structural vibration stability of the wing is affected by the complex airflow field of ship-environment coupling. Once the vibration diverges and flutter occurs, the safety of the take-off and landing of the carrier aircraft and the life of the pilots will be seriously threatened. Therefore, the study of the characteristics of ship-environment coupled flow field and the flutter characteristics of ship-borne wing under the interference of ship-environment coupled flow field is of great significance to improve the landing safety of ship-borne aircraft and ensure the safety of pilots. This paper carried out three aspects of research on the above issues.

In this paper, the unsteady flow field of ship-environment coupling is calculated based on the principle of computational fluid dynamics. The deep learning model is established based on the PINN method to carry out the exploratory work of flow field reconstruction for the wake field of ship-environment coupling. The flutter characteristics of wing under the interference of ship-environment coupling are studied based on the flutter calculation method of CFD / CSD coupling.

Firstly, UG is used to establish the aircraft carrier model according to the data of the sliding take-off aircraft carrier model published online. Using starccm+ software to partition face-to-face and computational domain grids. Using IDDES turbulence model to calculate the full-scale ship-environment coupled gas field. In the numerical calculation, the influence of wind direction angle on the coupled airflow field is first studied, and the numerical calculation is carried out under three different wind directions of 0°, + 15° and − 15°, respectively, and the characteristics of velocity and vortex structure in X direction under different wind directions are analyzed. Then, the influence of the rolling and pitching motions of the aircraft carrier on the coupled flow field is studied. The rolling and pitching motions of the aircraft carrier are simplified as periodic sinusoidal motions. Based on the motion function setting function of starccm +, the sinusoidal motion equation is added to the motion function setting of the boundary strip, and the equation is added to the boundary conditions. After the calculation results are obtained, the characteristics of X-direction velocity and vortex structure at different moments of rolling and pitching motions are analyzed. The tecpolt is used to extract the interpolation data of 20 s after the convergence of the hull wake field calculation at 0° wind direction angle according to the time step. The extracted data are used for flow field inversion. The numerical results are compared with the numerical results of starccm + to confirm the accuracy of the data. In the last part, based on the CFD / CSD coupled flutter calculation method, the flutter characteristics of shipboard wing under the interference of ship-environment coupled wake field are studied. The aircraft carrier is simplified as a mass block and the shipborne wing is simplified as AGARD445.6 wing. Firstly, the flutter characteristics of the AGARD445.6 wing are analyzed and compared with the experimental data to verify the reliability of the calculation. Based on the calculated flutter boundary, the flutter characteristics of the wing under the same boundary conditions are compared after adding mass disturbance.