在当前高速铁路和高速列车发展方面，“十四五”规划提出打造“交通强国”，构建“智能交通”等新远景目标，提出推进CR450高速度等级中国标准动车组、谱系化中国标准地铁列车。可以预见，在高速列车未来设计中，在气动方面将会面临气动阻力和气动噪声增加的问题，而对于列车运行，希望能耗越低越好，同时噪声方面必须满足一定的规范标准。因而，减阻和降噪不可避免成为更高速度级高速列车外形设计的两个关键指标。目前，国内外学者在高速列车气动特性和噪声特性方面都有相关研究，但在列车减阻和降噪上还有很大的探索空间，兼顾减阻和降噪对列车问题的系统性研究工作不足。具体来说，在室外气动噪声的探究上，大多局限于对远场特定监测点噪声情况进行探究，对减噪方面的关注不足；在室内噪声上，目前普遍采用的室内噪声分析方法中，声学有限元方法局限于低频段区，能量法常用于对高频噪声进行分析，但分析的准确性不足。在本文的分析中，对高速列车关键噪声源诱发的外场噪声特性进行了研究，识别出关键声源，并通过构形设计进行了外场减阻降噪研究；在对气动激励引起的内部噪声上，运用振动声传递向量法对高速列车在不同玻璃设计下的传递特性进行了分析，并分析了气动激励下车内不同位置噪声频谱特性以及不同构型设计对内场噪声的影响。具体来说，本文研究主要包括以下内容：

（1）分析高速列车减阻和降噪的极限范围，并对列车各阻力源和噪声源进行分析，量化其对整车阻力和整车噪声的贡献。探讨列车头型长短和横截面积对列车阻力和噪声的影响。对比高速列车上头车、中车、尾车、受电弓、转向架的阻力和噪声贡献。分析各部件诱发噪声在不同监测点上的频谱特性，分析不同部件在不同频率对不同位置监测点噪声的贡献。室外噪声的求解上还探索了叠加求解高速列车室外噪声的方法，并对其计算可靠性进行验证。

（2）以各部件对阻力和噪声的贡献为基础对局部部件进行构型设计，实现减阻并分析其对噪声的影响。主要针对高速列车上具有代表性的，影响较为明显的受电弓和转向架两大关键部件进行构型设计，并对不同构型方案进行气动力和气动噪声的详细分析，优选出良好的设计方案。

（3）将振动声传递向量法（VATV）运用于气动激励下高速列车室内噪声的快速计算。将VATV方法与直接声振耦合法求解室内噪声进行了对比，验证了该方法在求解室内噪声上可靠性。研究了列车上安装不同设计参数玻璃对气动激励源的传递特性。在室内噪声分析上，还分析了对室外噪声影响较大的受电弓和转向架对室内噪声的影响，也对构型优化设计方案对室内噪声的影响进行了对比分析。

总体说来，本文的目标在于探讨关键部件对气动阻力以及室外和室内噪声的影响，实现减阻的同时兼顾降噪。总体上通过对高速列车重要的气动阻力源和噪声源部件，如：转向架舱、裙板、受电弓、头型进行不同结构设计以实现目标。在具体的分析步骤上，本文对高速列车室外气动噪声特性进行分析，初步判断关键噪声源，通过声学有限元计算并结合噪声叠加的思路得到室外气动噪声特性；然后将气动激励源局部或整体加载到列车上，进一步得到室内噪声特性。该研究思路有利于降低计算量，更清晰的分析得到任意噪声源的贡献特性，得到室内噪声总体分布情况，对于列车减阻降噪具有参考意义。

At present, China's high-speed railway and high-speed trains are in the stage of vigorous development. "The 14th five year plan" proposes to build "a country with strong transportation capacity" and "intelligent transportation" and other new long-term goals, and proposes to promote CR450 high-speed Chinese standard EMUs and pedigree Chinese standard metro trains. It can be predicted that the newly designed high-speed train will face the problem of increasing aerodynamic resistance, and the biggest problem in noise will be aerodynamic noise. Environmental friendliness and interior comfort require that the lower the energy consumption of high-speed train is, the better. At the same time, it must meet certain noise standards. Therefore, drag reduction and noise reduction have become two key indicators for the shape design of higher-speed high-speed trains. At present, scholars at home and abroad have carried out relevant research on the aerodynamic characteristics and noise characteristics of high-speed trains, but there are still many scientific problems to be explored in reducing drag and noise of trains. Specifically, in the research of outdoor aerodynamic noise, most of them are limited to the noise of specific monitoring points in the far field. In terms of interior noise, among the commonly used interior noise analysis methods, the acoustic finite element method is limited to the low-frequency region, and the energy method is often used to analyze the high-frequency noise, but the accuracy of the analysis is insufficient.

In the analysis of this paper, the characteristics of outfield noise induced by key noise sources of high-speed train are studied, the key noise sources are identified, and the drag reduction and noise reduction of outfield are explored through configuration design. On the internal noise caused by aerodynamic excitation, the transmission characteristics of high-speed train under different glass designs by using vibration sound transfer vector (VATV) method this are analyzed. And the influence of noise spectrum characteristics of different positions in the vehicle under aerodynamic excitation and different configuration designs on interior noise is also explored. Specifically, this paper mainly studies the following aspects:

(1) The limit range of drag reduction and noise reduction of high-speed train are analyzed, and the resistance sources and noise sources of the train are analyzed to quantify their contribution to the vehicle resistance and noise. The influence of train head length and cross-sectional area on train resistance and noise is discussed. The resistance and noise contribution of the leading carriage, middle carriage, rear carriage, pantograph and bogies of high-speed train are compared. The spectrum characteristics of each component at different noise monitoring points are analyzed. In addition, the method of superposition is explored to solve the outdoor noise of high-speed train, and its reliability is verified.

(2) Based on the contribution of each component to the resistance and noise, the configuration of the component is designed to reduce the resistance and analyze its influence on the noise. Two key components, pantograph and bogie, which have obvious influence on high-speed train, are selected for configuration design. The aerodynamic force and noise of different configuration cases are analyzed in detail, and good design cases are selected.

(3) The VATV method is applied to the fast calculation of interior noise of high-speed trains under aerodynamic excitation. The VATV method is compared with the direct acoustic-vibration coupling method to solve interior noise, which verifies the reliability of this method in solving interior noise. The transmission characteristics of the car body, glass, etc. to aerodynamic excitation sources are explored. In the interior noise analysis, the influence of the presence of pantograph and bogies, which have a greater impact on outdoor noise, on interior noise is also explored. The configuration designs, which has a positive effect on drag reduction and outdoor noise reduction, are also compared the impact on interior noise.

In general, the goal of this paper is to explore the impact of key components on the outdoor and interior noise, to achieve drag reduction while taking into account noise reduction. In general, different structural designs are made for the important aerodynamic resistance source and noise source components of high-speed train, such as bogie cabin, apron, pantograph and head type. In the specific analysis steps, this paper first analyzes the outdoor aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed train, including aerodynamic resistance and aerodynamic noise. On the basis of the previous analysis, it firstly judges the key resistance source and noise source through the acoustic finite element calculation and the idea of noise superposition, and further reduces the resistance and noise. For the treatment of interior noise, the noise source is locally or wholly loaded on the corresponding sound transmission components, and the interior noise characteristics are further analyzed. The research idea is conducive to save computational cost, get a clearer analysis of the contribution of any noise source, and get the overall distribution of interior noise, which has reference significance for train drag and noise reduction.