The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is based on the kernel particle approximation, which is sensitive to the uniformity of the SPH particle distribution in the computational domain; that is, all SPH particles must be distributed evenly in the computational domain. These factors significantly influence the practical application of the SPH method. Meanwhile, calculating the sum near the boundaries of the computational domain may cause boundary defect problems since there are insufficient particles in the support domain, thus often resulting in relatively high errors in numerical simulation results near boundaries. To address these problems, the kernel particle approximation discrete process was corrected based on the traditional SPH method, and the corrected SPH method, the Godunov-type corrective smoothed particle method (CSPM), was formulated by introducing Riemann decomposition. In this study, the traditional SPH method and Godunov-type CSPM method were applied in a comparative study of discontinuous function problems, 1D shock tubes and 1D detonation waves. According to the analysis results, the Godunov-type CSPM method can not only effectively improve the calculation accuracy and compatibility of the traditional SPH method in discontinuous shock wave problems but also increase the accuracy of the traditional SPH method in capturing strong discontinuities.